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Batteries Overview
1. Lithium-ion (main focus) 2. Lead-acid 3. Nickel Metal Hydride 4. Flow Batteries 5. Saltwater Batteries 6. New technologies
Energy Storage and Electric Vehicles
1. EV charging infrastructure 2. High voltage connections and fast-charging 3. Adding energy storage to a charging station for faster charging 4. Increased demand for EV batteries more demand leading to mass production 5. Lithium vs. Hydrogen fuel cell cars 6. Low maintenance relative to internal combustion engines 7. Wireless charging 8. Battery swapping pros and cons 9. EV to grid 10. EV emergency home backup 11. A business case for EV to grid as an Energy Storage Product
Other Energy Storage System Technologies Overview
1. Pumped Hydro 2. Compressed Air 3. Hydrogen 4. Supercapacitors 5. Flywheel Storage 6. Gravity Storage
Battery Storage Detailed
1. Lead acid vs. Lithium 2. Typical Lithium ESS vs. Lead-Acid Storage Batteries 3. Energy density
Lead acid
1. Lead-acid battery safety 2. Goggles 3. Apron 4. High short-circuits currents! 5. Explosive hydrogen gas 6. Bulk Charging 7. Absorption Charging 8. Float Charging 9. Equalization Charge
Battery System Electrical Designs
1. Dc-coupled systems 2. Ac-coupled systems 3. Stand-alone 4. Grid interconnected 5. Multimodal (grid-tied battery backup) 6. Hybrid (systems with PV, wind, generator, etc.)
Battery Chemistries
1. Anode and Cathode 2. Electrolyte 3. Electron flow 4. Heat = energy loss 5. Slow charge and discharge = increase in efficiency 6. Dead storage = bad for battery life 7. Depth of discharge for different technologies 8. Depth of discharge vs. state of charge 9. Round trip efficiency
Technologies besides lithium and lead acid
1. Flow batteries 2. Salt water batteries 3. Nickel Metal Hydride batteries 4. Air batteries 5. How flow batteries are like fuel cells 6. Flow battery electrolyte tanks and pumps 7. Flow battery chemistry
Energy Storage System Financial Analysis
1. Return on investment 2. Levelized cost of storage 3. Power vs. Energy benefits Office Hours/White House Energy Certification Exam Review
Pumped Hydro Storage
1. 99% of worlds energy storage 2. Viable on large utility scale with huge investments (not for small systems). 3. Needs water supply and reservoirs 4. Works with any technology
Compressed air Storage
1. Typically, in caverns previously used for mining, such as gas. 2. Large investment required (no small-scale compressed air storage viability).
Flywheel Storage
1. Vacuum with magnetic levitation (frictionless) 2. Friction from earth’s 24-hour rotation 3. Excellent for quick power 4. Less desirable for long term energy storage
Cryptocurrency mining as Energy Storage
1. Stranded renewable assets 2. Price per kWh for cryptocurrency income 3. Price fluctuations
Supercapacitor Storage Systems
1. Capacitor diagrams 2. Dangers of too much voltage 3. Holy grail of energy storage is developing a perfect capacitor
Incorporating Energy Storage
1. Incorporating into grid 2. Small scale kWs and kWh 3. Large scale MWs and MWh scale systems 4. Incorporating into PV systems 5. Charge control inside ESS module 6. Internet controlled 7. Dangers of over and under charging 8. Battery manufacturer/ inverter cooperation 9. Grid-tied inverters offering energy storage
Batteries and smart electronics helping stabilize the grid
1. Energy storage fixing the duck curve (when solar production is high at noon and low in the evening when demand is high). 2. Interconnectivity with the user, owner, manufacturer and utility 3. Communication strategies 4. The smart home
Energy Storage Software
1. Popular platforms, free and for a fee 2. System sizing strategies (many right ways) 3. Large array 4. Interconnected 5. Off-grid 6. Multimodal 7. Large array 8. Large battery bank 9. Generator backup 10. Days of autonomy 11. Critical design month 12. Backed-up (critical loads) and non-backed-up loads
Case Studies:
1. How Tesla installed a 100MW/129 MWh battery facility in Australia in less than 100 days (or else the $50 million battery project would be free). 2. Tesla installs 52MWh project on the island of Kauai in Hawaii 3. Canal Olympia 50 Live Performance Venues in Africa by Blue Solutions with 400kWh of storage and 150kW of PV. 4. Sun verge battery system installed by Sean White’s company White House Energy. This was the first Sun verge system installed in California on the Vineyard of Dean Sanders CEO and founder of Sun verge. There are many Sun verge systems installed throughout the world. This system paid for itself in a year offsetting high demand charges and coupled with solar PV.